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外伤性血胸的诊断与治疗

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2010-07-26 20:14:57 | www.chinesejk.com

  外伤性血胸依胸膜腔内血量分为小量血胸(小于500毫升),X线检查仅见肋膈角消失。中量血胸(500-1000毫升),X线检查见液面达肺门(肩胛骨中部水平)。大量血胸(大于1000毫升),X线检查见液面达上肺门(胛骨中部以上)。

  [症状体症]

  1.小量血胸:无明显症状和体征。

  2.中等量以上血胸:

  (1)失血性休克表现:面色苍白、四肢湿冷、贫血、脉快弱、低血压;

  (2)呼吸系统表现:胸闷、胸痛、气促、发绀、咯血;

  (3)肋间饱满,呼吸运动受限,气管纵隔偏向健侧,伤侧胸部叩诊浊音或实音,呼吸音减弱或消失。如血气胸,则上胸部叩诊鼓音,下胸部叩诊浊音或实音。

  [诊断依据]

  1.有胸部外伤史;

  2.中等量以上血胸,可出现血压下降、脉搏细速和呼吸困难等低血容量休克,以及胸腔积液的表现。

  3.X线检查伤侧肺野为液体阴影所掩盖,纵隔向健侧移位,有血、气胸者可见液平面。

  4.胸腔穿刺抽出血液。

(编辑:刘一鸣 )

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