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胆道出血的临床表现

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2010-07-29 21:17:36 | www.chinesejk.com

  胆道出血临床表现与出血量和出血速度有关。周期性发作的胃肠道出血是胆道出血的常见临床特点。胆道出血的典型临床症状为黄疸、上腹疼痛和胃肠道出血,即Quincke三联征。胆道出血缓慢而量少的则无典型的临床表现,仅表现血便或便潜血阳性,诊断不易。大量出血才出现三联征。血凝块堵塞胆管后发生腹痛、黄疸等症状。如血块被胆汁溶解,黄疸消退。所以胆道大出血时,病人表现间断性或5~7天周期性出血。在胆道梗阻伴有胆道内高压时,胆道严重感染、肝外伤、医源性操作后出现上消化道出血,均应考虑胆道出血的可能性。Glass报道胰腺疾病导致胆道出血的占全组的2%。采用一些检查方法确定出血的病因和部位是非常必要的:

  ①超声检查是筛选性检查,有助于判断出血部位;

  ②消化道内镜检查:可除外其他原因引起的消化道出血,可直接看到十二指肠乳头有血流出而确诊;

  ③胆道造影更有助于诊断;

  ④选择性腹腔动脉造影有重要意义,当出血量< 0. 5ml/min时,动脉造影不能发现造影剂流入胆道和出血部位;

  ⑤肝扫描。其他如CT、MR I缺乏特异性,对诊断病例有一定帮助。

(编辑:刘一鸣 )

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