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急性胆囊炎的致病因素

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2010-08-01 10:54:34 | www.chinesejk.com

  急性胆囊炎与胆管炎的主要病因为胆汁滞留与细菌感染 胆汁滞留多因胆管梗阻造成,常见的梗阻因素有胆道先天性或炎性狭窄、胆肠吻合术后吻合狭窄返流及寄生虫引起的胆总管括约肌痉挛 细菌可经血液、淋巴、肠道或邻近器官而侵入胆囊与胆管 引起炎症的细菌以大肠杆菌为主,约占70%,其他有葡萄球菌 溶血性链球菌、变形杆菌等,亦可为混合感染

  急性胆囊炎或胆管炎的病变开始时 粘膜充血,水肿,继而波及胆囊或胆管壁各层 管壁增厚,表面有纤维蛋白性渗出物。在感染严重病例 囊壁有化脓灶,形成化脓性胆囊炎或/和胆管炎。年龄越小 病变演进越急剧,由于同时有胆囊管或胆总管口括约肌痉挛,胆囊或胆总管膨胀 可发生局限性缺血和坏疽而引起穿孔、胆汁性腹膜炎。此时 患儿可出现神志模糊、中毒性休克等征象。

(编辑:刘一鸣 )

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