糖尿病肾病最新研究:联合疗法效果更好
来自芝加哥大学医学系,宾州大学等处的研究人员发现了一种能帮助防止甚至逆转小鼠的糖尿病肾病的联合疗法,这一研究成果对于糖尿病肾病这种可能导致末期肾病和死亡的疾病的治疗意义重点。这一研究成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)杂志上。
领导这一研究的是芝加哥大学的李延春(Yan Chun Li,音译)博士,其早年毕业于武汉大学,1991年获得肯特州立大学(Kent State Univiversity)博士学位,其实验室主要研究领域为维生素D内分泌系统的功能。
糖尿病肾病是由于糖尿病长期血糖增高造成的肾脏损害,所以肯定是先有糖尿病后有糖尿病肾病,广义的糖尿病肾病是指糖尿病患者发生了各种肾脏病变,包括感染、缺血等等,狭义的糖尿病肾病特指由于高血糖导致的肾结节性硬化发生的肾脏病变。糖尿病是一个逐渐发展的过程,一旦临床表现明确了,糖尿病肾病就已经难以根治了,所以糖尿病的第一个治疗措施就是控制好血糖。
前不久,美国和加拿大学者联合发表了他们历时10年耗资上亿美元的DCCT研究成果,他们发现良好的血糖控制可以使糖尿病肾病的发生率下降一半。病人如已经发展到早期肾病,为控制好病情,有不至于影响肾脏功能,应积极鼓励患者接受胰岛素治疗。因为大部分口服降血糖药物都需要通过肾脏排泄(糖适平、拜糖平除外),因此,当肾脏损害严重时,应避免使用这些药物。
在这篇文章中,研究人员开发出了一种多药疗法,它会阻断肾素—血管紧张素系统的效果——这是一个激素系统,它的过度活动可能导致高血压——并预防了肾脏因为阻断而产生的代偿。该联合疗法使用了洛沙坦(一种高血压药物,它阻断血管紧张素I型受体)和帕立骨化醇(一种维生素D,它能防止肾脏细胞增加肾素的制造)。
研究人员在患糖尿病的小鼠身上发现这两种药物都有助于改善肾脏损伤,但是联用这两种药物治疗的效果显著更好。这种联合疗法防止了和糖尿病肾病有关的大多数形式的肾损伤,并且能让肾脏几乎完全恢复。研究人员认为,如果未来的动物实验同样有效,这种疗法可能对人类有用。
原文检索:
Combination therapy with AT1 blocker and vitamin D analog markedly ameliorates diabetic nephropathy: Blockade of compensatory renin increase
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, and blockade of the RAS is currently used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. One major problem for the current RAS inhibitors is the compensatory renin increase, which reduces the efficacy of RAS inhibition. We have shown that vitamin D exerts renoprotective actions by transcriptionally suppressing renin. Here we demonstrated that combination therapy with an AT1 receptor blocker and a vitamin D analog markedly ameliorated renal injury in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model due to the blockade of the compensatory renin rise by the vitamin D analog, leading to more effective RAS inhibition. STZ-treated diabetic DBA/2J mice developed progressive albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis within 13 weeks, accompanied by increased intrarenal production of angiotensin (Ang) II, fibronection, TGF-β, and MCP-1 and decreased expression of slit diaphragm proteins. Treatment of the diabetic mice with losartan or paricalcitol (19-nor-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, an activated vitamin D analog) alone moderately ameliorated kidney injury; however, combined treatment with losartan and paricalcitol completely prevented albuminuria, restored glomerular filtration barrier structure, and markedly reduced glomerulosclerosis. The combined treatment suppressed the induction of fibronection, TGF-β, and MCP-1 and reversed the decline of slit diaphragm proteins nephrin, Neph-1, ZO-1, and α-actinin-4. These were accompanied by blockade of intrarenal renin and Ang II accumulation induced by hyperglycemia and losartan. These data demonstrate that inhibition of the RAS with combination of vitamin D analogs and RAS inhibitors effectively prevents renal injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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