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鼓膜外伤后应注意哪些方面才可避免中耳感染

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2010-12-19 13:15:22 | www.chinesejk.com
鼓膜位于外耳道深部,由于菲薄,易受外伤而破裂。一旦鼓膜外伤,可发生耳痛、耳聋、耳鸣,偶尔有短暂眩晕;外耳道有少许鲜血流出,但片刻即止;如有颅底骨折,则血量较多。耳镜检查时发现外耳道或鼓膜上有血迹,鼓膜穿孔多呈不规则裂孔形(如因感染而化脓则穿孔变圆形)。若为直接外伤(如火柴棒、毛衣针刺伤)引起的穿孔一般位于鼓膜的后下方;若为间接外伤(如炮震、爆炸、掌击耳部时气压骤变使鼓膜破裂)引起者多位于鼓膜前下方。

若发现鼓膜破裂,宜采用干燥疗法。以酒精消毒外耳道后,取出外耳道内的异物或耵聍,对附于鼓膜上的血块可不予取除;以酒精再次消毒外耳道后,用消毒棉球轻塞外耳道口。注意这一时期不宜进行外耳道冲洗或滴药,以免将病菌带入中耳而引起感染。另外,嘱病人暂勿擤鼻涕,必要时可将鼻涕吸入咽部吐出。同时全身应用磺胺类或抗生素类药物如青霉素、红霉素、复方新诺明等。如受伤环境不洁,须注射破伤风抗毒素。如无继发感染,鼓膜多能自行愈合;如穿孔长期不愈合,日后可行鼓膜修补术。

(编辑:阳阳 )

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