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多囊肾的诊断方法

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2011-01-19 10:27:22 | www.chinesejk.com
  多囊肾的诊断一般不难,临床上可根据家族遗传病史(父母、兄弟、姐妹、子女有多囊性疾病等),双侧肾脏肿大和蛋白尿作出诊断,超声显像检查对确诊起决定作用。腹部可见肾脏轮廓不整齐,呈不规则增大。超声显像可见双肾明显增大,肾内布满大小不等的液性暗区,正常肾脏结构消失。此外静脉肾盂造影或逆行肾盂造影对诊断也有所帮助,可见肾盂被拉长,肾盏变平或呈半月状。早期可能只见一侧有改变,但到晚期常可因肾功能不全而不显影,须进行大剂量静脉肾盂造影方能明确诊断。大部分患者早期就已有肾脏浓缩功能的改变,如尿比重降低、尿渗量降低,以及尿量明显增多;晚期则出现肾功能不全和尿毒症。

(编辑:小鱼 )

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