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多囊肾有哪些临床表现?

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2011-01-29 13:58:48 | www.chinesejk.com
幼年时肾保持正常大小或略小,偶可发现些小的囊肿。随年龄增长,囊肿的数目和大小均逐步增加,但进程缓慢,多数到30岁以后囊肿和肾脏长到比较大时才出现症状。常见症状有:①肾脏肿大:可大于正常5~6倍,两侧可有明显差别。肾脏肿大早期需影像学检查才能发现,严重者腹部触诊即能发现。②腰腹部不适,疼痛:这是肾和囊肿增大,肾包膜张力增加或牵引肾蒂血管神经引起的。突然加剧的疼痛常为囊内出血或继发感染,合并结石或出血后血块堵塞输尿管可引起肾绞痛。③蛋白尿和白细胞尿:20~40岁病人中20%~40%有轻度持续性蛋白尿,24小时尿蛋白定量一般在1g以下。白细胞尿多见,但不一定是尿路感染。④高血压:是本病早期的常见表现,并直接影响预后。据报道,无氮质血症的病人近60%发生高血压;肾功能正常的病人中,合并高血压时肾脏明显大于血压正常者。⑤肾功能损害:一般30岁之前很少发生慢性肾功能衰竭,至59岁时约有半数病人已丧失肾功能而需替代治疗。

(编辑:小鱼 )

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