哮喘是呼吸系统的一种变态反应性疾病,它的发生与自身过敏体质和外界过敏源有关,它与胃病是不同系统的疾患,似乎是“风马牛不相及”的事。然而,据报道,哮喘病人中胃食管返流发生率约50%左右,明显高于一般人群,由此可见,胃食管返流是导致哮喘的一个重要原因。
胃病引起哮喘的发生机制,是由于胃病患者胃酸、胃蛋白酶或十二指肠液等消化液分泌处于高水平,在食管下端括约肌处于松弛状态时就会发生返流,一方面返流物到了咽喉部被吸入气道,作为过敏原引发或加重哮喘,另一方面,夹有胃酸等消化液的胃内容物刺激食道粘膜酸敏感受体,激活食管至肺的迷走神经反射弧,引起支气管痉挛,诱发哮喘。
因此,在哮喘病发作时,医生应仔细询问病史,以便确诊是否为胃性哮喘。如确诊,则用药需慎重,尽量不用茶碱类及β2受体兴奋剂,而以增加胃动力药及抗酸药为主,以增加内容物身下排空及减少胃酸分泌返流,同时胃动力药吗丁啉还能增强食道下端括约肌的紧张度,阻止返流。
(编辑:杨义伟 )
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