粥熬好后,上面浮着一层细腻、黏稠、形如膏油的物质,中医里叫做“米油”,俗称粥油。很多人对它不以为然,其实,它具有很强的滋补作用,可以和参汤媲美。
通常所说的粥油是由小米或大米熬粥后所得的。中医认为,小米和大米味甘性平,都具有补中益气、健脾和胃的作用。二者用来熬粥后,很大一部分营养进入汤中,其中尤以粥油中最为丰富,是米汤的精华,滋补力之强,丝毫不亚于人参、熟地等名贵的药材。清代赵学敏撰写的《本草纲目拾遗》中记载,米油“黑瘦者食之,百日即肥白,以其滋阴之功,胜于熟地,每日能撇出一碗,淡服最佳”。清代医学家王孟英在他的《随息居饮食谱》中则认为“米油可代参汤”,因为它和人参一样具有大补元气的作用。
中医有“年过半百而阴气自半”的说法,意思是说老年人不同程度地存在着肾精不足的问题,如果常喝粥油,可以起到补益肾精、益寿延年的效果;产妇、患有慢性胃肠炎的人经常会感到元气不足,喝粥油能补益元气、增长体力,促进身体早日康复。
喝粥油的时候最好空腹,再加入少量食盐,可起到引“药”入肾经的作用,以增强粥油补肾益精的功效。据《紫林单方》记载,这种吃法还对患有性功能障碍的男性有一定的治疗作用。此外,婴幼儿在开始添加辅食时,粥油也是不错的选择。
需要注意的是,为了获得优质的粥油,煮粥所用的锅必须刷干净,不能有油污。煮的时候最好用小火慢熬,而且不能添加任何佐料。研究表明,新鲜大米的米油对胃黏膜有保护作用,适合慢性胃炎、胃溃疡患者服用,而贮存过久的陈旧大米的米油则有致溃疡的作用。因此,熬粥所用的米必须是优质新米,否则,粥油的滋补作用会大打折扣。
(编辑:杨义伟 )
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