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小儿急性支气管炎有哪些表现及如何诊断?

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2011-03-07 15:29:41 | www.chinesejk.com

临床表现

  发病可急可缓。大多先有上呼吸道感染症状,也可忽然出现频繁而较深的干咳,以后渐有支气管分泌物,在胸部可听到干、湿罗音,以中等不泡音为主,偶可限于一侧。婴幼儿不会咯痰,多经咽部吞下。症状轻者无明显病容,重者发热38~39℃,偶达40℃,多2~3日即退。感觉疲劳,影响睡眠食欲,甚至发生呕吐、腹泻、腹痛等消化道症状。年长儿再诉头痛及胸痛。咳嗽一般延续7~10天,有时迁延2~3周,或反复发作。如不经适当治疗可引起肺炎,白细胞正常或稍低,升高者可能有继发细菌感染。

  诊断

  胸部罗音或粗或细,大多是中等湿罗音,主要散在下胸部。咳出分泌物后,罗音可暂时减少。偶因支气管内积痰太多,呼吸音可减低,但咳出痰液后,呼吸音即恢复正常。重症支气管为与肺炎早期难以鉴别,如听到较深罗音或捻发音,咳嗽后罗音无明显减少时,应考虑肺炎作胸部X线检查以确诊。

(编辑:小鱼 )

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