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骨关节炎病因病理

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2011-03-16 14:53:43 | www.chinesejk.com

  原发性骨关节炎系指随年龄老化而不和其他疾病相关的关节病变,继发性骨关节炎则由损伤、炎症、遗传及代谢内分泌等疾病所引起。

  本病的病理基础是关节软骨的改变,一般认为由于软骨的磨损超过软骨的修复能力所致,常发生于负重关节,早期于光镜下可见软骨细胞减少,脂肪退行性变和胶原纤维的改变,其后在软骨表面可见多数软化灶,软骨失去光泽,颜色变黄,表面粗糙不平,进而出现裂隙,表面剥落糜烂,引起软骨下骨质暴露,脱落的小碎片可引起滑膜炎症。与此同时,软骨下骨在承受压力和磨损的最大部位发生象牙样变和增厚,于软骨边缘韧带附着处形成骨赘,即一般所谓骨刺,而外周承受压力较小的部位骨质萎缩,X线表现为骨质疏松,有时于软骨下骨质内尚可见到大小不一的囊腔状改变,系由于骨小梁的微细骨折而引起的粘液样和纤维蛋白性改变。

(编辑:阳阳 )

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